Instalasi Nextcloud di Debian

Catatan Lengkap Instalasi Nextcloud di Debian/Ubuntu

Nextcloud adalah aplikasi self-hosted cloud storage yang mirip Google Drive, namun bisa kita jalankan di server sendiri. Berikut panduan lengkap instalasi Nextcloud di Debian/Ubuntu.

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1. Persiapan Server

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt install -y wget curl unzip gnupg2 lsb-release ca-certificates apt-transport-https

2. Install Apache2

sudo apt install -y apache2
sudo systemctl enable --now apache2

Buka browser dan akses http://IP-SERVER/ untuk memastikan Apache berjalan.

3. Install MariaDB

sudo apt install -y mariadb-server
sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb
sudo mysql_secure_installation

4. Buat Database Nextcloud

sudo mysql -u root -p

Kemudian jalankan perintah SQL berikut:

CREATE DATABASE nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
CREATE USER 'nextclouduser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 's3rv3r';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nextcloud.* TO 'nextclouduser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

5. Install PHP & Modulnya

sudo apt install -y php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql \
php-xml php-mbstring php-zip php-gd php-curl php-intl \
php-bcmath php-gmp php-imagick unzip

sudo systemctl restart apache2

6. Download Nextcloud

cd /tmp
wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip
unzip latest.zip
sudo mv nextcloud /var/www/html/

Atur hak akses folder:

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/nextcloud
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/nextcloud

7. Konfigurasi Apache untuk Nextcloud

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/nextcloud.conf

Isi file konfigurasi:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin admin@example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/nextcloud/
    ServerName yourdomain.com

    <Directory /var/www/html/nextcloud/>
        Options +FollowSymlinks
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/nextcloud_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Aktifkan site & modul:

sudo a2ensite nextcloud.conf
sudo a2enmod rewrite headers env dir mime
sudo systemctl reload apache2

8. Instalasi via Web

Buka browser: http://IP-SERVER/nextcloud

Isi form:

• Admin username: admin
• Admin password: (password admin Nextcloud)
• Folder data: /var/www/html/nextcloud/data
• Database user: nextclouduser
• Database password: s3rv3r
• Database name: nextcloud
• Database host: localhost

Klik Finish Setup.

9. Tambah HTTPS (Opsional)

sudo apt install -y certbot python3-certbot-apache
sudo certbot --apache -d yourdomain.com

10. Selesai 🎉

Nextcloud sudah siap digunakan. Akses melalui browser dengan akun admin yang sudah dibuat.

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Catatan Penting

1. Password database harus sama dengan yang diinput di form Nextcloud.
2. Folder data sebaiknya dipindah keluar /var/www/html/ untuk server produksi.
3. Backup database & folder data secara rutin.
4. Jika server publik, wajib menggunakan HTTPS.